PE & LPE

CD Bioparticles is a company that offers an extensive range of Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and LPE products for research, each derived from varying organs or species to provide scientists with an array of raw material options for developing liposomes endowed with diverse functionalities. PE is a vital kind of glycerophospholipid present in eukaryotes. Its discovery traces back to the brain where it was first isolated, dubbed as "cephalin." Being the second most abundant phospholipid component in mammalian cell membranes, PE primarily dominates the inner mitochondrial membrane (accounting for nearly 40% of the total phospholipids) and the brain (representing around 45% of the total phospholipids), thus assuming a paramount role in membrane structure. Intriguingly, scientific investigations have found PE's multifaceted nature, encompassing pivotal roles in autophagy, cell division, and protein folding. It is even implicated in various protein modifications. The production of PE is facilitated via the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine (PS) and the substitution of bases with PS. Additionally, lysophospholipids can also act as a precursor for PE, which is synthesized by acylation. Moving on to LPE (lysophosphatidylethanolamine), which is attained from partial hydrolysis of PE and consequent elimination of a fatty acid group. Even though LPE is a minor constituent of cell membranes, it participates in cell signaling and enzymatic activation.