Lipoplexes Production - CD Bioparticles

Introduction to Lipoplexes

Lipoplexes are complexes formed by the interaction between lipids (fats) and nucleic acids (such as DNA or RNA). These complexes are utilized in gene delivery and gene therapy, where they serve as vehicles for introducing genetic material into cells. The term "lipoplex" is a combination of "lipid" and "complex," highlighting the structure and purpose of these entities.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of lipoplex formation. (Luiz MT, et al.; 2022)

In gene therapy, lipoplexes are designed to protect nucleic acids (which can be therapeutic genes) from degradation in an extra-cellular environment, to help their cells absorb and promote their release into the cytoplasm of target cells. Lipoplexes are usually composed of ionic lipids, which have a positive charge due to the presence of amino acids. Positive charges allow these lipids to interact with phosphate clusters with negative charges on nucleic acids to form stable compounds.

The overall structure of lipoplex consists of cationic lipids forming a lipid bilayer (similar to a cell membrane) in which nucleic acids are packaged or associated within or between the lipid layer. The resulting lipoplex structure is similar to tiny lipid particles.

The properties of lipoplexes (such as their size, charge and stability), can be adjusted by changing the type of lipids used, their proportions and the conditions under which the compound is formed. Lipid compounds offer many advantages to gene delivery, including relatively lower immunogenicity, ease of production, and potential for targeted delivery to specific cell types compared to viral carriers.

Lipoplexes Applications

Lipoplexes have a wide range of applications, primarily centered around their role in gene delivery and gene therapy. Here are some of the key applications of lipoplexes:

Gene Therapy: Lipoplexes are used in gene therapy to transfer the therapeutic gene to the cells. This may involve replacing defective genes with functional genes, introducing genes that produce curative proteins, or modifying the expression of specific genes to treat genetic diseases, cancers and other diseases.

Vaccines: Lipoplexes can be used to develop DNA-based vaccines. By packaging the DNA encoding the pathogenic antigen, lipid compounds can stimulate immune responses that may lead to protective antibodies and cellular immune response.

Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine: Gene delivery using lipoplexes can promote wound healing by introducing genes that accelerate tissue regeneration and repair.

Antibody Production: Lipoplexes can transmit the gene that encodes monoclonal antibodies, leading to the continued production of specific antibodys in the body.

Research Tools: Lipoplexes are used in laboratories as a tool to study genetic function, cellular processes, and signaling pathways through instantaneous or stable expression of genes in vitro and in vivo.

Drug Delivery: While lipoplexes are mainly related to gene delivery, they can also be used to deliver certain drugs, peptides or small molecules to specific cells or tissues.

Our Lipoplexes Featured Services

Lipoplexes formulation design: we customize Lipoplexes design based on our clients' demand by varying lipid compositions, vesicle sizes, surface charges, etc.

Lipoplexes encapsulation: we employ customized protocols to encapsulate drug molecules into Lipoplexes with high encapsulation efficiency.

Lipoplexes-drug complex analysis and characterization: we can offer comprehensive analysis assays for Lipoplexes before and after encapsulation, which includes visual appearance, size distribution, stability, Zeta potential, lamellarity, entrapment efficiency, and release rate.

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References

Tarahovsky YS, et al.; DNA release from lipoplexes by anionic lipids: correlation with lipid mesomorphism, interfacial curvature, and membrane fusion. Biophys J. 2004, 87(2):1054-64.

Zhang XX, et al.; Functional lipids and lipoplexes for improved gene delivery. Biochimie. 2012, 94(1):42-58.

Luiz MT, et al.; Targeted Liposomes: A Nonviral Gene Delivery System for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2022, 14(4):821.

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