Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based biosensors for the assay of disease biomarkers with clinical applications

Wang, L; Xie, HJ; Lin, YX; Wang, MH; Sha, LJ; Yu, XM; Yang, J; Zhao, J; Li, GX

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging type of porous crystalline polymers that are built by light elements (typically H, B, C, N, O and Si) via organic covalent bonds. Currently, COFs have been exploited for biomedical application due to their unique properties, such as structural diversity, intrinsic stability, ordered porosity, tailor-made functions, and excellent adsorption features. In particular, COFs are increasingly popular in the construction of biosensors for the detection of various disease biomarkers, and have been extended to the clinical applicability for early diagnostics, medication instruction and prognostic monitoring of diseases. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances on COFs-based biosensors for the assay of disease biomarkers with clinical applications. According to the features of molecular structure, disease biomarkers are classified into four categories, including small biological ions/molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and cancer cells/exosomes. Impressively, COFs-based biosensors present a bright prospect in clinical diagnosis of diseases in both hospital -end and household-end utilization.

Keywords: Covalent organic frameworks; Biosensor; Clinical application; Biomarker detection

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Covalent Organic Framework (COFs) Linkers

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold immense potential in the biomedical realm. Their structured and adaptable nature makes them an ideal platform for a variety of biomedical applications. In the field of drug delivery, COFs act as carriers, enabling efficient drug loading and controlled release, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, the customizable surface of COFs allows for the creation of biosensors capable of detecting biomolecules with high sensitivity, aiding in early disease diagnosis. COFs also play a vital role in tissue engineering by providing scaffold structures that support cell growth and facilitate tissue repair. Overall, the unique properties of COFs position them as crucial components in cutting-edge biomedical technologies, opening up new avenues in treatment, diagnosis, and tissue regeneration.