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Oral Nano-drug Delivery System 1
With the development of new drug discovery related technologies such as high-throughput screening technology, a large number of drug candidates have been discovered, but their solubility is often low. 40% to 70% of drug candidates are difficult to obtain therapeutic concentrationdue to low solubility and poor oral absorption. In particular, protein and peptide drugs have large molecular weights, are not easy to penetrate biological membranes, are susceptible to the action of enzymes in the organism, and their oral bioavailability is very low. According to the solubility and membrane permeability of the drug, drugs can be divided into 4 categories, namely the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS): Class I is high solubility and high permeability…
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What Is The Clinical Significance Of Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a general term for various vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure that are released under resting or stress conditions. The diameter of the vesicles ranges from tens of nanometers to several micrometers. Almost all living cells release EV, which is found in various biological fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and the extracellular environment. There is growing evidence that EVs contain maternal-related proteins (such as CD9, CD63, CD81, MHC-I, etc.), lipids, nucleotides, including DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), circular RNA (cirRNA) and other non-coding RNAs, and a variety of biologically active substances, are widely involved in the transmission of information between cells through target cell…
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What Everybody Ought To Know About Fluorescent Polymers
In recent years, there are huge demands for fluorescent materials, as they play important roles in various research areas such as chemistry and biology. Due to their fascinating properties and important applications in the fields of materials and life sciences, the research on fluorescent polymers has also attracted extensive scientific attention. In September 2020, polymer researchers from the University of Southern Mississippi, in collaboration with other scientists, have developed fluorescent solids and according to their research, they said that to be the brightest known materials in existence. Their discoveries may be potentially applied in everything from solar energy to medical diagnostics and lasers, and even in autonomous cars. More studies are…
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Want a Quick Q&A for Exosomes? Read This!
In recent years, biomimetic nanomedicine combined with the unique functions of natural biomaterials and the versatility of artificial nanomaterials has attracted widespread attention for drug delivery. In 2019, the study Tumor exosome-based nanoparticles are efficient drug carriers for chemotherapy published in Nature Communications have showed that exosomes-biomimetic nanoparticles have the potential to improve anti-cancer efficacy as drug carriers. Moreover, because such nanoparticles can effectively kill tumor stem cells, it is expected to solve major problems such as tumor recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. Exosomes are cell vesicles that contain complex RNA and proteins. Their size is in the nanometer range (30-150 nanometers in diameter), and they can be secreted by a variety of cells under…
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Research Progress Of Self-Assembled Drug Delivery Systems I
The current research on self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDS) mainly uses nucleoside analogue antiviral drugs, antituberculosis drugs, and antitumor drugs as model drugs, which covalently combine with various long-chain lipid molecules to form amphiphilic prodrugs. Then it is dispersed into water by a certain method (mainly injection method) to form a highly dispersed aggregate. Aggregates are generally nanostructures, and their shapes can be vesicles, nanoparticles, nanotubes, etc. One of the advantages of nanoassemblies or nanostructures is that they can circulate in the blood relatively freely and can produce targeting effects. Sometimes certain polymers can be added to increase system stability. These self-assemblies have strong targeting of liver, lung, and spleen…
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Injection Nano Drug Delivery System II
As mentioned above, liposomes, microemulsions and nanoemulsions are used for pharmaceutical transportation through the injection of nanometer drug delivery system. And this article will further introduce other nano-carriers that can be administered by injection nano-administration, including: nanoparticles, polymer micelles, nanogels, polymer complexes, and nanosuspensions. Nanoparticles Nanoparticles, as a carrier for the injection of nano-drug delivery systems, have their advantages mainly in: 1. The more hydrophilic the surface of the surface-modified nanoparticles, the smaller the uptake by macrophages. 2. The in vitro release of drugs can be adjusted by controlling the increase in PEG molecular weight and content or the decrease in copolymer molecular weight. 3. The distribution of nanoparticles in…
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Self-Assembled Drug Delivery Systems
In the first article on Pharmcosomes published in 1986, the researchers prepared the succinyl pindolol monostearoyl glyceride maleate pharmacosome. After being placed, the particle size can become larger, the chemical stability is good, and there is no degradation within 2 months, and the half-life of the drug substance is equivalent to that of the free drug; the oral drug substance is also basically the same as the free drug. The distribution of the drug in the body conforms to the one-compartment model, but unfortunately the author did not study it further. Because the explanation of pharmacosomes is too simple, there is no theory, and there are few related researches. For a long period of time,…
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Injection Nano Drug Delivery System 1
Injection administration is to inject drugs into the body through injection to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating diseases. There are three ways of injection administration: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC). Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Different injection methods should be selected according to the specific situation. Liposomes Liposomes are vesicles sealed by a bilayer of phospholipids, similar to the cell structure, with an internal aqueous phase that can encapsulate water-soluble drugs. The inside of the lipid bilayer is fat-soluble and can encapsulate fat-soluble drugs, but the capacity is limited. According to the particle size, liposomes can be divided into small unilamellar vesicles (SUV, 30~100nm),…
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Cardiovascular Drug Liposome
Cardiovascular disease, also known as circulatory system disease, is a disease with high human mortality. Approximately 17 million people die from cardiovascular disease worldwide each year. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases mostly occur after the age of 40. There are more men than women, and more mental workers than manual workers. The average prevalence is about 6.49%, and the prevalence increases with age. Affected by the high-fat, fast-paced, and high-stress lifestyle, the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is increasing year by year, and the age of illness tends to be younger. Cardiovascular disease has become a major global medical problem. According to the mechanism of action, drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases can be divided…
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Biotechnology Drug Liposome
In recent years, the development of biotechnology drugs has been advancing by leaps and bounds. Many biotechnology products have been widely used in clinics, and their application value has attracted more and more attention. A survey conducted in the United States from August 1993 to March 1995 showed that the number of biotech drugs listed as clinical trials increased by 64% in less than two years. Cancer is the disease with the most applications of biotechnology products. Other diseases involved include AIDS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, asthma, diabetes, heart disease, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, and viral infections , Wound healing, inhibit organ transplant rejection. The types of biotechnology products include cytokines, monoclonal antibodies,…
