Sterols are essential components of the membranes of all eukaryotic organisms, controlling membrane fluidity and permeability. Sterols are the third class of lipids, which play multiple roles that either individually or collectively influence cell processes, and through charge and structure they are involved in DNA replication, protein translocation, cell recognition, signalling pathways, energetic, signal transduction, and cell trafficking. Sterols regulate biological processes and sustain the domain structure of cell membranes where they are considered as membrane reinforcers . What are the examples of sterols? Cholesterol is the main animal sterol, while β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, avenasterol, and stigmastenol are major plant sterols present in vegetable oils at much higher levels than…

At present, a variety of chemical drugs are combined with nano-carriers to make lung-inhaled nano-preparations, and have achieved good results, such as anti-tuberculosis drugs, itraconazole, terbutaline sulfate, ciprofloxacin, curcumin and Camptothecin. Anti-tuberculosis drugs Polylactic acid glycolic acid (PLGA) has good biodegradability and biocompatibility, and is widely used as a drug carrier. The pulmonary tuberculosis drugs rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide are prepared by the double emulsion/solvent volatilization method to prepare PLGA nanoparticles for pulmonary administration. The particle size is 180-300m, and the encapsulation rate is 50%- 70%. Rifampicin PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by a double emulsion method, and the nanoparticles were dissolved in an alginic acid solution and spray-dried to obtain nano-mixed particles with…