With the development of biomedicine, some diseases are clinically found to be caused by organelle lesions. And the drugs used to treat these diseases not only need to cross the cell membrane to enter the cell, but also need to target specific organelles to play a role. Therefore, in the development of drugs for these diseases, suitable carriers are needed to help the drugs target the target organelles. With the development of nanotechnology, researchers have found that nanosystems have obvious advantages in the field of organelle targeting. Therefore, more and more nanoparticles are used to target the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and mitochondria. Mitochondrial Targeting Mitochondria play a very important role…

The nucleus is the place where the genetic material in the cell is stored, copied and transcribed, and plays an important role in the metabolism, growth and differentiation of the cell. Therefore, the nucleus is also the site of action for various drugs such as DNA, intercalators, alkylating agents, and topoisomerase inhibitors. The nuclear membrane is composed of two layers of membranes on which nuclear pore complexes (NPCS) exist. The nuclear membrane will disappear only when the cell undergoes mitosis. In other cases, the only way for large molecules to enter the nucleus is the nuclear pore complex, which allows particles with a diameter of 9 nm or molecules with a…

The cytoplasm is the general term for all translucent, colloidal, granular materials except the nuclear area surrounded by the cytoplasmic membrane, and is composed of the cytoplasmic matrix, endomembrane system, cytoskeleton, and inclusions. Among them, the cytoplasmic matrix, also known as cytosol, is a homogeneous and translucent colloid in the cytoplasm, which is filled between other tangible structures;  its main function is to provide an ionic environment for various organelles to maintain their normal structure and supply all substrates for various organelles to complete functional activities, and is also the venue for certain biochemical activities. The importance of cytoplasmic matrix transport is not only due to the existence of multiple drug targets in the matrix…