Hydrogels are gels in which water is the dispersion medium. The water-soluble polymer having a network cross-linking structure introduces a part of a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic residue, and the hydrophilic residue is combined with a water molecule to connect the water molecule inside the network, and the hydrophobic residue expands with water. Hydrogels are well suited for a wide range of applications due to their high water content and the regulated mechanical properties. Studies have found that many hydrogel systems can form strong, tough and elastic covalently crosslinked hydrogel materials by covalent cross-linking methods, including light, temperature and pH-induced free radical processes. However, they may also Limited by…