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Application of Nanoemulsion in Transdermal Drug Delivery
Nanoemulsion has a particle size between 20-200nm, and its particle size is more suitable for drug loading and targeting. Nanoemulsion as a drug carrier has the following characteristics: 1. Nanoemulsion has the characteristics of solubilization and sensitization; 2. Nanoemulsion is simple to prepare, good physical stability, etc., and can be sterilized; 3. Nanoemulsion can simultaneously contain different Fat-soluble drugs, improve the stability of some unstable drugs; 4. Nanoemulsions increase the bioavailability of macromolecular drugs; 5. Nanoemulsions can improve the solubility of insoluble drugs; 6. Nanoemulsions have low viscosity; 7. Nanoemulsions The diameter is small and uniform, which can improve the dispersion of the encapsulated drug, and protect the easily hydrolyzed…
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Application of Transfersomes and Ethosomes in Transdermal Drug Delivery
The transfersomes is a self-aggregating vesicle obtained by formulating and improving on the basis of liposomes, also known as flexible nano-liposomes (FNL). It is a lipid carrier obtained by adding surfactants (such as sodium cholate, polysorbate, spaan, sodium deoxycholate, etc.) to liposome materials. It has a high degree of self-deformation and can efficiently pass through skin pores several times smaller than its particle size. The driving force of its penetration into the skin is the hydration gradient and the resulting osmotic pressure difference, which can make the membrane elastically deform and squeeze into the stratum corneum. Widened intercellular space. The particle size of the transfersomes is 90~500nm, the deformability is 5 orders…
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What Are Liposomes?
Liposomes are small artificial sphere-shaped vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipid bilayers, which were first described in the mid-60s. Today, they are a very useful reproduction, reagent, and tool in various scientific disciplines, including mathematics and theoretical physics, biophysics, chemistry, colloid science, biochemistry, and biology. Since then, liposomes have made their way to the market. Due to their size and hydrophobic and hydrophilic character(besides biocompatibility), liposomes are promising systems for drug delivery. Among several talented new drug delivery systems, liposomes characterize an advanced technology to deliver active molecules to the site of action, and at present, several formulations are in clinical use. Research on liposome technology has progressed from conventional…
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What Are The Influencing Factors of Drug Percutaneous Absorption
In the clinical transdermal drug delivery process, there are many factors that affect the transdermal absorption of the drug, mainly including: skin hydration, skin temperature, skin conditions, and skin locations. Skin Hydration The phenomenon that the water content of the skin exceeds the normal state is called skin hydration. After the skin is saturated with water, the tissue softens, swells, wrinkles disappear, and the permeability increases significantly. Skin hydration promotes transdermal absorption of drugs. The encapsulation method or the application of ointment on the skin reduces the evaporation of skin moisture, and the covering effect increases the endogenous hydration of the stratum corneum and increases skin penetration. The hydration of the stratum corneum can…
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How Does the Drug Enter the Human Body Through the Skin?
Transdermal drug delivery systems in a broad sense include topical drug delivery systems and transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS). The former acts on the skin or subcutaneous tissue; the latter is the absorption of drugs into the blood through the skin. Compared with oral or injection administration, the advantages of the transdermal drug delivery system include: 1. No gastrointestinal irritation; 2. Avoid the first pass effect of the liver 3. Get a controlled release effect; 4. Easy to use, good patient compliance; 5. High safety , Easy to remove; 6. less skin tissue degrading enzymes, can be used for the administration of macromolecular drugs. Global sales of transdermal drug delivery preparations reached US$12.7 billion in 2005, US$21.5 billion in…
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New Study Solving the Puzzle of Polymers Binding to Ice for Biological Cryopreservation
Understanding the ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity of antifreeze biomimetics is critical to the development of next-generation cryoprotectants. Recently, in the paper, The atomistic details of the ice recrystallization inhibition activity of PVA, which is published in the journal Nature Communications, researchers from the University of Warwick have found that, contrary to the emerging consensus, shorter or longer polymer chains of poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA) all bind to ice. In this study, the researchers bring together molecular dynamics simulations and quantitative experimental measurements to unravel the microscopic origins of the IRI activity of poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA)—the most potent of biomimetic IRI agents. Contrary to the emerging consensus, the team find that PVA does not require a “lattice matching” to…
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Researchers Stabilize the Collapsing Metal-organic Frameworks by Adding a Polymer
High internal surface area is a highly sought after asset in material design, bringing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at the forefront of materials research. In fact, the main focus in this field is to create innovative methods to maximize the surface area of the MOF. Nevertheless, macroporous MOFs, especially those with mesopores, still face the problem of pore collapse during activation. In a study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the researchers have solved this problem by adding a small amount of polymer to the MOF pores, which prevents the pores from collapsing. MOFs are a special kind of sponge-like materials with nano-scale pores which have many applications, such as carbon capture…
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In Vitro Evaluation Method of Oral Nano Drug Delivery System
The in vitro evaluation method of oral nano-drug system is a simple and rapid method to evaluate the transport and absorption of oral nano-drug. This method is simple and easy to implement, has good reproducibility, and the experimental environment and conditions are easy to control, so that the influencing factors are singularized and simplified, but it cannot reflect the actual absorption state of the drug in the body. This method is often used to study the intestinal absorption mechanism of the nano drug delivery system. The method mainly includes inverted intestinal sac method, intestinal piece incubation method, membrane vesicle method, cell culture model method, parallel artificial membrane permeability determination method, computer…
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Carrier And Biological Level Evaluation Method of Oral Nano-Drug Delivery System
The oral nano-drug system is evaluated at the body level mainly through intact animals, which have complete blood supply and innervation to ensure that the intestinal nerves are intact and directly reflect drug absorption. This evaluation method can be used to study drug penetration and absorption kinetics. The related detection methods mainly include: in vivo intestinal perfusion method, intestinal loop method, intestinal vascular intubation method and nitrogen measurement method. Intestinal Perfusion In vivo intestinal perfusion is to insert a double-lumen tube into the intestine through the mouth (in experimental animals, the perfusion tube and the drainage tube are inserted into the proximal and distal ends of the intestine respectively through…
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Want A Quick Understanding for Your Dendrimers?Read This!
What Are Dendrimers? Dendrimers are nano-sized, radially symmetric molecules with well-defined, homogeneous, and monodisperse structure consisting of tree-like arms or branches. These hyperbranched molecules were first discovered by Fritz Vogtle in 1978, by Donald Tomalia and co-workers in the early 1980s, and at the same time, but independently by George R. Newkome. A variety of dendrimers exist, and each has biological properties such as polyvalency, self-assembling, electrostatic interactions, chemical stability, low cytotoxicity, and solubility. These varied characteristics make dendrimers a good choice in the medical field, and support their diverse applications, such as drug delivery, gene delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, and photodynamic therapy. Are Dendrimers Polymers? Dendrimers are synthetic polymeric…
